区域旅游产业竞争力构成:基于竞争力性质的研究

随着区域旅游产业竞争的不断加强,关于区域旅游产业竞争力的构成研究也越来越多.研究取得不少成果,也存在很多问题.本文基于竞争力性质--显性或隐性、成长或非成长性、先天或后天获得性等,把区域旅游产业竞争力分解为潜在竞争力、外生和内生资源禀赋竞争力、市场竞争力.通过研究这几种构成的性质及变化规律,可以明确竞争力培育的重点与方向,制定有效的竞争策略,从而能够培育和提升区域旅游产业的竞争力.     

基于贫困人口发展的旅游扶贫效应评估--以安徽省铜锣寨风景区为例

本文以安徽省铜锣寨风景区旅游扶贫开发为例，基于旅游扶贫开发对贫困人口的经济影响和非经济影响，从实际效应——贫困人口在旅游扶贫开发中实际受益和发展情况，感知效应——贫困人口对景区旅游业发展及由此产生的生活变化的感知和态度，效应的可持续性3个方面对旅游扶贫效应中贫困人口的受益和发展情况进行评估。     

防范国际贸易融资风险的对策分析

随着我国对外贸易发展和银行业竞争的加剧,国际贸易融资已经成为商业银行重点发展的一项金融业务。该业务不仅为进出口企业提供了融资便利,也拓展了银行业务,在经济全球化浪潮中贸易融资已被广泛培植为国际性商业银行的效益新增点。然而在贸易融资实践中也时刻潜伏着各种风险,若把握不好,进出口企业的贸易风险就会直接转嫁到银行身上。如何防范和控制贸易融资业务的风险成为银行拓展业务亟待解决的问题。尤其是在不断开发贸易融资创新业务的今天,这一问题显得尤为重要。本文着重分析银行在国际贸易融资过程中遇到的各种风险,探究有效控制和防范贸易融资潜在风险的对策,以推动贸易融资业务的发展与创新。     

求解农村教育权利贫困的经济法进路

解决农村贫困是我国新世纪反贫困战略的重点,制约农村发展的真正因素是农村教育权利贫困。农村教育权利贫困的形成主要是制度上的原因,而且导致农村在贫困中恶性循环。因此必须导入经济法的理念和完善经济法律制度,公平配置教育资源,保障农民享有充分的受教育机会,实现社会实质平等和维护社会整体利益。     

RATES OF RETURN TO EDUCATION IN BOTSWANA: RESULTS FROM THE 2002/2003 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY DATA SET

Using the most recent Household Income and Expenditure Survey data (2002/2003), this paper presents current rates of return to education for Botswana. The results show that the rates of return have in general declined by one percentage point on average between the periods as shown in Table 2 . If we, however, look at the averages for the different school cycles, the fall in the average rates is quite significant at about six percentage points between the periods. The biggest fall is for secondary education, especially upper secondary education, which fell by 28 percentage points between the periods. The rates of return to tertiary education, however, rose by more than 50 percentage points. Ignoring upper secondary, the pattern of rates of return has remained similar to the results of the study based on the 1993/1994 data. Rates are higher for tertiary education and lower for secondary than for primary education. This results are still consistent with rates of return generally rising with level of education. At policy level, the results continue to support sharing of costs between Government and beneficiaries or their parents especially at tertiary education level. Second, the results indicate the need for the country to continue to vigorously pursue job creation and reorient the education system from emphasis on white collar jobs.

Table 2. Mincerian earnings function: overall Ψ
Dependent variable (ln monthly earnings)

Data-mining,GIS and multicriteria analysis in a comprehensive method for bicycle network planning and design

In many Brazilian cities, the most common procedure for planning cycling networks is using aggregated population data in census tracts, which may not take into account the true origin and destination of trips. It may also not identify potential users of a particular mode of transport. This is particularly important considering that implementing cycling infrastructures should be based on the assumption that they are able to meet the users' needs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and adopt an objective method to design and compare cycling networks based on data-mining of disaggregated origin-destination data, GIS resources, and multicriteria analysis techniques. The method follows three steps: 1) identifying potential users based on real user profiles, 2) designing proposed cycling networks and 3) a comparison between the networks proposed in this study and those developed by the municipality selected as a case study, considering real and potential users, as well as cost and benefit criteria. As a positive outcome, using disaggregated data allows for a reasonable estimate of the number of people served by the networks, a detailed analysis of their proximity to the infrastructure, as well as identifying potential users. Comparing cycling networks considering cost and benefit criteria shows that the chosen criteria were effective. It was also determined that the cycling network of the studied city poorly serves bicycle transport users, if compared to the proposed networks. These findings indicate that appropriate methods for planning cycling networks are still needed.     

Reform,Growth, and Inequality in China*

This paper provides a survey of the literature on inequality in China – level, change, causes, and consequences. It attempts to answer six main questions. How much has inequality risen? What is its relation to poverty alleviation? What has happened to wealth inequality? What are the main dimensions of rising income inequality? The dimensions examined are: the rural–urban divide; urban labor market reform; regional divergence; rural–urban migration; and entrepreneurship, rent‐seeking, and corruption. Was it inevitable that inequality should rise so much? Does it matter that inequality has risen? Income distribution in China is bound up with both economic reform and economic growth. This paper concludes by considering the countervailing forces that will determine the path of inequality in future years.     

贫困地区新农村建设与劳动力转移互动的途径选择和对策分析——以甘肃省为例

农村劳动力转移对新农村建设既有正面效应,又有负面效应,二者之间互为条件,互相制约,互促互进。为此,协调处理好农村劳动力转移与新农村建设之间的关系是发展的必要。文章结合甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移与新农村建设的实际情况,探析了其新农村建设与劳动力转移互动的途径选择和对策。     

新时期西部农村贫困特征与反贫困对策

新时期西部农村反贫困,对于推进城乡统筹、和谐社会以及社会主义新农村建设具有特殊的重大战略意义。对大量的调查数据资料分析表明,新时期西部农村贫困除了人口数量大分布广之外,还呈现贫困程度深、边境性、民族性与脆弱生态环境空间分布高度一致性等新的特征。西部地区城乡统筹必须将农村反贫困问题纳入其要义之中。     

内生经济增长理论与反贫困——基于“丝路明珠”和田地区的贫困问题研究

本文运用内生经济增长理论,探讨政府有关人力资本和基础设施的投资对贫困人口发生率的影响程度.利用1995～2004年之间和田地区各县的面板数据,建立多元线性回归模型,评价不同类型政府投入的效果.分析表明,政府提高人力资本的投资,如在公共医疗、信息化、教育和基础设施建设方面的投入对推动地区经济增长,打破贫困与环境之间的恶性循环,减少贫困人口数量效果显著.